Dust destruction and survival in the Cassiopeia A reverse shock

ABSTRACT Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) produce large ($\gtrsim0.1\,{\rm M}_\odot$) masses of dust, and are potentially the primary source dust in Universe, but much this may be destroyed before reaching interstellar medium. Cassiopeia A (Cas A) is only supernova remnant where an observational measurement destruction efficiency reverse shock possible at present. We determine pre- post-shock Cas using a substantially improved emission model. In our preferred models, unshocked ejecta contains $0.6\!-\!0.8\,{\rm M}_\odot$ $0.1\,{\rm \mu m}$ silicate grains, while has $0.02\!-\!0.09\,{\rm $5\!-\!10 \, {\rm nm}$ grains dense clumps, $2 \times 10^{-3}\,{\rm $0.1 diffuse X-ray emitting shocked ejecta. The implied $74\!-\!94\,{\rm per\,cent}$ clumps $92\!-\!98\,{\rm overall, giving final yield $0.05\!-\!0.30\,{\rm M}_\odot$. If larger than m}$, higher, efficiencies lower, exceed $0.5\,{\rm As circumstellar environment thus stronger typical, average across all CCSNe likely to higher. This supports mostly stellar origin for cosmic budget.